A surgeon's failure to warn of a 1–2% paralysis risk was held sufficient to establish causation, even though the risk would have been identical had surgery been performed later — patient autonomy justified departure from orthodox but-for causation.

A booking agency's website post criticising performers' professionalism was held sufficient to support a fair comment defence, as the comment need only indicate in general terms the facts on which it is based.

An honourable pledge clause expressly excluding legal jurisdiction prevents a commercial arrangement from being a binding contract, yet individual accepted orders within that arrangement can still form separate enforceable contracts.